This application can be customized by many design factors:

loading of trucks or rail car

bottom or top or mix loading

number of arms and type of quick coupling

type of metering technology (PD, coriolis, turbine) or scale bridge

safety devices (overfill, grounding, limit switch, …)

HMI & operator identification

This application can be customized by many design factors:

type of air elimination device; a) air eliminator buffer tank b) bulk air eliminator in front of the meter

type of pump for hose stripping at end of unloadinbg

safety devices for pump dry run prevention system

connection trough flexible hose or rigid arm

above or below ground for NPSH limitation

HMI & operator identification

Custody transfer of ownership of Fuel Gas demand for a small level of uncertainty to prevent  a significant loss of revenue. Local national or international Wheigh & Measure standard drives the selection of primary flow element (including Ultrasonic, Turbine, Orifice, Positive Displacement), the number of runs, the lay out, the instrumentation & control and the proving system. The optimal design results into the best solution to allow better quality, safety, accuracy and performance while minimizing the fabrication, trasportation, installation and ownership cost.

There are a wide range of trasfering and forwarding services inside a power plant or a tank farm.

from fuel inboud (rail car‚ ship‚ tank truck) into storage

from treated to untreated tank

from storage to day tank

from storage or day tank to fuel injection pump

from tank to loading rack.

The distance that the fuel has to travel, the service level, the product temperature and viscosity, the NPSHa and other working or enviromental factors drive the selection of the pump. Commonly used pumps in this application include three screw‚ two screw and centrifugal.

When the fuel oil belong to fuel supplier till it is in the power plant storage tank, the boiler meter is not only a process meter but it is the custudy tranfer point. Its reading became the main input for the power plant thermal efficency calculation, so its accuracy must be of premium level and it must be of redundant type. Pay & Check design is typically required to check the accuracy drift on a real time basis. In this application, the normal periodical calibration basedf on Wheight & measure standard its not enough. The selction of the right meter depends on the working condition but often the positive displacement technology is the best choice.

Preheater is commonly used the reduce the viscosity of crude oils in order to make them more free flowing. It is fitted with a tube bundle containing rows of electric heating elements. The elements heat the tubes, transferring heat to fuel flowing around the tubes. Electrical eaters provide a clean efficient and controllable solution for process heat provision. Design can have several options both on bundle and on control side, such as:

number of bundles series/parallel

isolation and redundancy among bundles

safety control for electrical spark, temperature control, pressure and flow switch

type of tempertaure control (spet, continuos or combined)

Each flowmeter need to periodically re calibrated. Frequency or recalibration and method are either imposed by local Wheight & Measure standard or by end user speficication. Proving methods are:

pipe prover

piston prover

fixed volume prover or

master meters

Selection of the above method is driver by:

W&M standard

type of flowmeter

working condition (pressure, temperature and viscosity)

application (batch loading or continuos transfer)

permanenet or mobile required service

It is the inlet section and it provides the closure of the flow in case of an emergency. It can be remote/manually operated with different possibility for the re-opening and re-pressurizzation of the downstream lines. Usually composed of a small skid mounted unit with one actuated ball valves next to a manual gear operated one.

Filtration is one of the most crucial aspect of natural gas system. It can be composed of several stage.

The fisrt stage can the Knock Out (KO) Drums. It is used when considerable quantities of fluid, like water or hydrocarbon condensates is expected with the natural gas. , a knock-out drum with a demister can be installed. Placed after the ESD skid it is used as a single filter to remove the most heavy particles inside the gas.

The second stage is the main filtration point and it can be customized according to the design conditions and installation constrains. Main options are:

Single stage/ double stage

Vertical/ horizontal

Manual/ automatic drain into condensate tank

The third and last stage is the final filtration. It is the last barrier before the burner or GT. The configuration is usually a single stage filter of coalescing cartridges with efficiency of 99,9% for particles up to 3 micron or better.

Custody transfer of ownership of Fuel Gas demand for a small level of uncertainty to prevent  a significant loss of revenue. Local national or international Wheigh & Measure standard drives the selection of primary flow element (including Ultrasonic, Turbine, Orifice, Positive Displacement), the number of runs, the lay out, the instrumentation & control and the proving system. The optimal design results into the best solution to allow better quality, safety, accuracy and performance while minimizing the fabrication, trasportation, installation and ownership cost.

When natural gas is subject to pressure reduction, the temperature is subject to a reduction as well. It is a normal practice to have provision for heating natural gas, preferebly befeore the pressure reduction stage, so that its temperature is maintained at an acceptable level to avoid operational and material integrity problems that can be caused by low gas temperature. Design can have several options both on bundle and on control side, such as:

number of bundles series/parallel

isolation and redundancy among bundles

safety control for electrical spark, temperature control, pressure and flow switch

type of tempertaure control (spet, continuos or combined)

Gas pressure reduction installations help to control and regulate the flows of gas to ensure the effective and efficient operation and for downstream protection by means of control valve system.

Number and type of installed safety devives depend to customer request and local regulations.

Can be combined flow & pressure reduction and control.

Can be of one or two reduction stages.